The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. You get 0%. In my experience, its quite easy. Other Western Slovak speakers (Bratislava) say that Eastern Slovak (Kosice) is hard to understand. The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. They have more in common than you might think! Understanding the connection between mutually intelligible languages, can make it easier to learn an additional language. Its specific czech and many foreiner has problem spelling it. The standard view among linguists seems to be that Lach is a part of Czech. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? There can be various reasons for this. The unintelligibility is only due to the manner of speaking and not because of lexical and/or grammatical differences. Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. For me, Serbian and Macedonian are as different as Serbian and Slovene, they sounds somehow the same, but I dont understand them correctly. Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? Paul McGrane. Polish, Ukrainian and even Serbo-Croatian dialects are less so, especially in the light of their geographical spread . I think the OP exagerated a bit. I can only speak from my personal experience (business trips to Czech Republic - Ostrava, Praha, Mlad Boleslav, Mikulov ). I hope you will like it and will be useful for your researches! How do they arrive at these estimates? . Russian has 85% intelligibility of Rusyn, 74% of oral Belorussian and 85% of written Belorussian, 60% of Balachka, 50% of oral Ukrainian and 85% of written Ukrainian, 36% of oral Bulgarian and 80% of written Bulgarian, 38% of Polish, 30% of Slovak and oral Montenegrin and 50% of written Montenegrin, 12% of oral Serbo-Croatian, 25% of written Serbo-Croatian, and 10% of Czech. Even little kids who watch the show understand. Ive not read em myself. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. > Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end, because they dont bother to learn Slovak, while many Slovaks learn Czech. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. I am born and raised in Western Ukraine in a Russophone family. They exist, but not in such a degree to render them unintelligible. This is simply reality in Serbia today. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. Finally, I think the Ukrainians' mentality if more Polish, while the Russian mentality is more fourteenth century Mongol. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. Only Croatians try so hard to press differences. the use of the accusative is nearly identical in Ni Torlak and Kumanovo Macedonian (cannot say the same for standard Macedonian as it has no accusative to begin with) and is, in general, more of an oblique case than anything else Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. The translation is not very problematic. The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. This gives rise to claims of Macedonians being able to understand Serbo-Croatian very well, however, much of this may be due to bilingual learning. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. There is . I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. Also sorry for my English. However, in recent years, there has also been quite a bit of bilingual learning. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. It is true that Czech is more urban and less folk and many Slovaks study in Czech republic. Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. It was for me a bit strange, because Bulgarian science still supports the thesis that Macedonian is Bulgarian. Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. I have to really focus and try hard to understand them but with patience I can get buy. It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. Silesian itself appears to be a macrolanguage as it is more than one language since as Opole Silesian speakers cannot understand Katowice Silesian, so Opole Silesian and Katowice Silesian are two different languages. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. On the other side, i.e. ago. Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. (Download). Ive almost never heard it in Lviv, except by visiting villagers or old people. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? FluentU is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Regarding Russian/Ukrainian mutual intelligebility: most people who lived in Ukraine during the Soviet era and return there today say that modern Ukrainian differs greatly from the one spoken during Soviet times. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. I would be able to translate what he says! It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. Scots and English are considered mutually intelligible. What language is closest to Polish? Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. The literary language itself is no longer written, but works written in it are still used in public for instance in dramas and church masses (Jembrigh 2014). But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. Intelligibility between the two is estimated at 82%. London Times, 25 September 2006 A different dialect is spoken in each town. Belarussian and Ukrainian have 85% similar vocabulary. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. Only problem is which is in Czech but not in slovak. The real reason that Slavs cant even understand each other: not enough vowels in their tongues! Intelligibility between Balachka and Ukrainian is not known. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. Also how much of Rusyn do Russians understand on a % basis? Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. Can you give me your name here or can you email me with your name, unless that is you in your email address there. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? He is currently listed on the FBIs Most Wanted Terrorists list. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. Chakavian has a low mutual intelligibility with either, in part due to its large number of loanwords from Venetian. Vitebsk State University. It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. Heres his interview with Bosnian figures, and Bosnian is part of B/H/S landscape I would like to add an interesting fact Slovenian has very harsh dialects due to the historic separation of different regions. The Macedonian spoken near the Serbian border is heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian and is quite a bit different from the Macedonian spoken towards the center of Macedonia. I got that figure from a Serb. The distance of Slovene may seem unlikely, but I think that it is still rather optimistic, because Czech and Slovene are quite distant, despite geographical closeness. If the Torlaks can understand those languages it is because they have been hearing them! Yet its totally foreign to many in Croatia. The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. Spanish has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Galician, Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, Sardinian and French. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. Many people know cases well but simply dont want to speak them correctly in conversation with someone who doesnt speak them correctly because that makes them feel like they want to judge other people who doesnt use cases correctly or that makes them more educated, even more smart, than someone who doesnt use it, and that makes both sides uncomfortable. If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. Russian, Polish, Czech, and Ukrainian materials are available. Therefore . Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! Slovak-Czech MI tests out at 82% in studies, which seems about right. Hello can I use your comments in a paper I am writing? However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. Exposure doesnt count. Lemko is spoken heavily in Poland, and it differs from Standard Rusyn in that it has a lot of Polish vocabulary, whereas Standard Rusyn has more influences from Hungarian and Romanian. Good post, OP. I also understand more of other Slavic languages then neotokavian speakers do. In akavian they are once more old slavic. Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA The latter is heavily mixed with Shtokavian. Every major language has some dialects Also both sides are able to use standard Slovak. Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. Lach is not fully intelligible with Czech; indeed, the differences between Lach and Czech are greater than the differences between Silesian and Polish, despite the fact that Lach has been heavily leveling into Moravian Czech for the last 100 years. In addition, political and social conventions often override considerations of mutual intelligibility in both scientific and non-scientific views. However, a Croatian linguist has helped me write part of the Croatian section, and he felt that at least that part of the paper was accurate. In its written form Bulgarian is even more different than in its spoken form. When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. Rural variations are usually less mutually intelligible. There are some words that we don't understand, but in general, these languages are much closer to each other than the pairs Russian-Ukrainian and Russian-Belarusian. . Macedonain and Serbo-Croatian being 25% inteligible is simply not true. Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. 2 Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback 1-03-2023 Mutually Intelligible? Polish lacks full intelligibility of Silesian, although this is controversial (see below). Slow, deliberate speech is not typical. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. When there, they have to pass a language test. About Boyko/Hutsul dialects which according to you are more understandable to Russian person than Ukrainian language I will disagree with you. Pannonian Rusyn is spoken by a group of Rusyns who migrated to northwestern Serbia (the Bachka region in Vojvodina province) and Eastern Croatia from Eastern Slovakia and Western Ukraine 250 years ago. Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. but the two languages are more different than some people think. Its often said that Czechs and Poles can understand each other, but this is not so. . Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Classifications may also shift for reasons external to the languages themselves. pouv cyrilici, a bantsk norma, kter pouv latinku. After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. Since then, Slovak has been disappearing from the Czech Republic, so the younger people dont understand Slovak so well. These are 33 brand new symbols that you'd have . Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. As a Polish native speaker I used to be sure that Czech and Polish are mutually intelligible until I met Czech couple. A Serb gave me this information. Sorry I can`t give you percentage. Writing in Chakavian started very early in the Middle Ages and began to slow down in the 1500s when writing in Kajkavian began to rise. Clearly it WAS the Illuminati at workI guess the planes were flown by shapeshifting lizards, toooh, come to think of it, isnt George Bush Junior a lizard, too! http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. But thats politics for you. Russian is followed by Polish with over 40 million speakers, Ukrainian with 33 million and Czech with 13 million. Briefly put, mutual intelligibility is when speakers of one language can understand a related language to some degree. This phenomenon is called asymmetrical mutual intelligibility. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. But which languages in the world are actually closest to . It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? The reason Macedonian appears not very intelligible to a Serbian speaker is because many basic words (be, do, this, that, where, etc) are completely different, however most of the rest of the vocabulary is similar or the same. I have no idea, what Sledva da se otbelei, e tova means. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. Do you speak Ukrainian. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. They understand almost nothing. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). 50% It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two .